Basantapur Durbar Square, located in the heart of Kathmandu, Nepal, is a historic complex renowned for its cultural, architectural, and historical significance. This UNESCO World Heritage Site was once the royal palace of the Malla kings and later the Shah dynasty. The square, surrounded by a stunning array of temples, courtyards, and historical monuments, offers a glimpse into Nepal’s rich history and artistic heritage.
The history of Basantapur Durbar Square dates back to the Licchavi period (4th to 9th century), but it gained prominence during the Malla dynasty (12th to 18th century) when Kathmandu was one of the three independent kingdoms in the Kathmandu Valley. The square was the seat of power and the centre of governance, ceremonies, and religious festivities. After the unification of Nepal by King Prithvi Narayan Shah in 1769, the royal palace remained a vital centre of politics and culture.
Architecturally, Basantapur Durbar Square is a showcase of traditional Newar craftsmanship, characterized by intricate wood carvings, pagoda-style temples, and stone sculptures. The nine-story Basantapur Tower, built by King Prithvi Narayan Shah, stands tall as a symbol of the region’s grandeur. The square also houses the Kumari Ghar, the residence of the Living Goddess, Kumari, a central figure in Nepalese religious tradition.
Within the square, visitors can explore temples dedicated to deities such as Taleju, Shiva, and Hanuman. The Kasthamandap, which is believed to be constructed from the timber of a single tree, adds to the beauty of the area. Museums, including the Tribhuvan Museum, offer insights into Nepal’s royal history.
Basantapur Durbar Square remains a vital cultural hub, hosting religious festivals, social events, and gatherings, making it an essential symbol of Nepal’s identity and heritage.